Technically outdated mechanical components, lack of replacement devices, more stringent safety requirements specified by changed standards: there are a variety of reasons for modernisation projects in open-cast mining. Quite naturally, it is the safety aspects that are at the forefront.
Large machinery in open-cast mining, such as excavators and conveyor bridges, are permitted to perform their tasks only within approved design and technologically assured operating ranges. To ensure they adhere to these operating ranges it is imperative to reliably monitor their position in conjunction with a reliable solution to safely limit the end position of moving system components.
The dangers posed by large machines such as bucket wheel excavators are immense for personnel and the machine itself: If the boom leaves the allowable range, it is possible that the whole excavator can become unbalanced and topple over because the centre of gravity has moved.
To avoid scenarios of that nature operating companies invest in safety solutions such as the U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact offered by Johannes Hübner Giessen; this reliably monitors the defined limit values of speeds and positions.
At Johannes Hübner Giessen modernisation projects are more than just delivering an encoder system. Here we demonstrate the modernisation expertise of the encoder specialist based on an application example (of the bucket wheel excavator mentioned above) – beginning with documenting the present situation on-site to putting forward individual design suggestions through to fabricating and installing the customised encoders and their attachments.
Outdated mechanical components
The project begins with Hübner specialists documenting and measuring the installation situation on-site. To date, absolute encoders and mechanical limit switches (spindle limit switches) have been used to determine the position and limit the end position of the moving system parts in relation to one another (e.g. crawler unit to the upper, rotary part of the excavator). In this case the operator had installed two devices: one as a control or rather intermediate switch and the other as a limit switch, which must afford the highest level of safety. Thomas Brandenburger, head of the Project Management department at Johannes Hübner Giessen, explains the disadvantages of the legacy solution: “Calibrating the purely mechanical installation of the spindle limit switch is a time-consuming process. Delays resulted when re-starting the system after replacing the rope or the end limits were exceeded, which in turn led to a loss of valuable production time. In addition, the construction including a chain drive required to fit two spindle limit switches to the drive shaft was susceptible to faults.”
The requirements demanded of a modernisation solution were: more safety, not least by means of a two-channel system, as well as upgrading from a mechanical solution to a simplified electronic solution. Based on the measurement data, design drawings and discussions with the engineers on-site Hübner Giessen produced sketches and put forward solution proposals for the new encoder system including interfaces and attachments. This led to the contract-specific design and fabrication of the specific components. “As far as we are concerned the contract does not end with selecting the right encoder”, Thomas Brandenburger emphasises, “it all depends on the overall installation situation. We examine very closely how the operator actually uses our devices, and which interfaces and component attachments are also necessary.”
U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact replaces several individual devices
For the modernisation project of the system, which monitors the bucket wheel excavator, the U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact encoder system was selected to replace the outdated mechanical system. It was installed directly onto the rotary shaft, replacing several individual devices with a single, compact device. The system consists of six position switches, which it is possible to program according to the desired angular positions. In other words, it is possible to implement the control points as well as the limit switching point with a single device. The compact version of the encoder system U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact consists of a basic unit and directly attached switch or bus modules. All functions are integrated in a robust housing, which is able to defy the harsh conditions in open-cast mining operations. The advantage: it was possible to install the device on-site using the existing cabling. There was no need to install component parts in the electrical cabinet, so there was no need to create additional space. Highly precise safety switching signals are issued according to position and speed based on a 13/15 bit resolution (max. 32,768 rotations). The system-wide two channel architecture facilitates the implementation of safety functions up to Category 3 and Performance Level (PL) d as well as SIL 2.
The U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact offers the operator simple configuration options for safe switching points without an additional safety PLC – and, as a consequence, there is no need to intervene in the control software.
Contract-specific attachment solutions
The on-site situation meant an individual solution was required to install the encoder system; above all, the gear construction was to be circumvented. Thomas Brandenburger explains: “The new U-ONE-SAFETY is installed using a coupling that is simply slid onto the shaft. In contrast to the chain solution the coupling does not vibrate and there is no play. Moreover, precision adjustment as well as the encoder aligning perfectly with the drive shaft are important factors ensuring both the quality of the signals and a long service life. The solution required a specially adapted support structure, which we also designed and installed on-site”. Throughout the entire planning and execution stages the customer is provided with extensive documentation including sketches, design drawings and an installation report.
In addition, a second U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact system was also installed for a further rotary axis to reliably monitor the positions and speeds of the boom as it performs lifting motions. The situation is the same in this case: it is possible to control a variety of limit values with a single device.
Thanks to professional preparatory planning and uncompromising support throughout the entire project the operators benefited from a brief period of standstill and a high-level of plant availability. The actual conversion work went smoothly and paid for itself within a short period of time. By installing the U-ONE-SAFETY-Compact the client is now able to fulfil the higher levels of reliability demanded by the machinery directive and the resulting regulations pertaining to monitoring the speed and position as well as limiting the end position of bucket wheel excavators in open-cast mining.
Hübner Giessen at MINExpo 2016
Exhibiting the newest encoder solutions, Hübner Giessen will be part of the MINExpo in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Stop by and convince yourself of the newest technologies and services for the mining industry at booth 27946 (South Hall).
