Paul Boughton
Engineers have created a tiny motorised positioning device that is claimed to have twice the dexterity of similar devices being developed for applications that include biological sensors and more compact, powerful computer hard drives. The device, called a monolithic comb drive, might be used as a nanoscale manipulator that precisely moves or senses movement and forces. The devices also can be used in watery environments for probing biological molecules, according to Jason Vaughn Clark, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and mechanical engineering at Purdue University, who created the design.
The monolithic comb drives could make it possible to improve a class of probe-based sensors that detect viruses and biological molecules. The sensors detect objects using two different components: a probe is moved while at the same time the platform holding the specimen is positioned. The new technology would replace both parts with a single component - the monolithic comb drive.
This innovation could enable sensors to work faster and at higher resolution and would be small enough to fit on a microchip. The higher resolution might be used to design future computer hard drives capable of high-density data storage and retrieval. Another possible use might be to fabricate or assemble miniature micro and nanoscale machines.
Research findings were detailed in a technical paper presented in July 2008 during the University Government Industry Micro/Nano Symposium in Louisville. The work is based at the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue's Discovery Park.
Conventional comb drives have a pair of comb-like sections with interdigitated (meshed) fingers. The fingers are drawn toward each other when a voltage is applied. The applied voltage causes the fingers on one comb to become positively charged and the fingers on the other comb to become negatively charged, inducing an attraction between the oppositely charged fingers. If the voltage is removed, the spring-loaded comb sections return to their original position.
In contrast, the new monolithic device has a single structure with two perpendicular comb drives. Clark calls the device monolithic because it contains comb drive components that are not mechanically and electrically separate. Conventional comb drives are structurally decoupled to keep opposite charges separated.
Clark explains the potential benefits: "Comb drives represent an advantage over other technologies. In contrast to piezoelectric actuators that typically deflect, or move, a fraction of a micrometer, comb drives can deflect tens to hundreds of micrometers. And unlike conventional comb drives, which only move in one direction, our new device can move in two directions - left to right, forward and backward - an advance that could really open up the door for many applications."
Clark also has invented a way to determine the precise deflection and force of such microdevices while reducing heat-induced vibrations that could interfere with measurements.
Current probe-based biological sensors have a resolution of about 20 nanometres. Clark states: "Twenty nanometres is about the size of 200 atoms, so if you are scanning for a particular molecule, it may be hard to find. With our design, the higher atomic-scale resolution should make it easier to find."
Properly using such devices requires engineers to know precisely how much force is being applied to comb drive sensors and how far they are moving. The new design is based on a technology created by Clark called electro micro metrology, which enables engineers to determine the precise displacement and force that is being applied to, or by, a comb drive. Clark is able to measure this force by comparing changes in electrical properties such as capacitance or voltage.
The size of the entire device is less than one millimetre; the smallest feature size is about three micrometres. But Clark comments: "You can make them smaller. This is a proof of concept. The technology I am developing should allow researchers to practically and efficiently extract dozens of geometric and material properties of their microdevices just by electronically probing changes in capacitance or voltage."
Purdue University
The monolithic comb drives could make it possible to improve a class of probe-based sensors that detect viruses and biological molecules. The sensors detect objects using two different components: a probe is moved while at the same time the platform holding the specimen is positioned. The new technology would replace both parts with a single component - the monolithic comb drive.
This innovation could enable sensors to work faster and at higher resolution and would be small enough to fit on a microchip. The higher resolution might be used to design future computer hard drives capable of high-density data storage and retrieval. Another possible use might be to fabricate or assemble miniature micro and nanoscale machines.
Research findings were detailed in a technical paper presented in July 2008 during the University Government Industry Micro/Nano Symposium in Louisville. The work is based at the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue's Discovery Park.
Conventional comb drives have a pair of comb-like sections with interdigitated (meshed) fingers. The fingers are drawn toward each other when a voltage is applied. The applied voltage causes the fingers on one comb to become positively charged and the fingers on the other comb to become negatively charged, inducing an attraction between the oppositely charged fingers. If the voltage is removed, the spring-loaded comb sections return to their original position.
In contrast, the new monolithic device has a single structure with two perpendicular comb drives. Clark calls the device monolithic because it contains comb drive components that are not mechanically and electrically separate. Conventional comb drives are structurally decoupled to keep opposite charges separated.
Clark explains the potential benefits: "Comb drives represent an advantage over other technologies. In contrast to piezoelectric actuators that typically deflect, or move, a fraction of a micrometer, comb drives can deflect tens to hundreds of micrometers. And unlike conventional comb drives, which only move in one direction, our new device can move in two directions - left to right, forward and backward - an advance that could really open up the door for many applications."
Clark also has invented a way to determine the precise deflection and force of such microdevices while reducing heat-induced vibrations that could interfere with measurements.
Current probe-based biological sensors have a resolution of about 20 nanometres. Clark states: "Twenty nanometres is about the size of 200 atoms, so if you are scanning for a particular molecule, it may be hard to find. With our design, the higher atomic-scale resolution should make it easier to find."
Properly using such devices requires engineers to know precisely how much force is being applied to comb drive sensors and how far they are moving. The new design is based on a technology created by Clark called electro micro metrology, which enables engineers to determine the precise displacement and force that is being applied to, or by, a comb drive. Clark is able to measure this force by comparing changes in electrical properties such as capacitance or voltage.
The size of the entire device is less than one millimetre; the smallest feature size is about three micrometres. But Clark comments: "You can make them smaller. This is a proof of concept. The technology I am developing should allow researchers to practically and efficiently extract dozens of geometric and material properties of their microdevices just by electronically probing changes in capacitance or voltage."
Purdue University
