Hydrogen is not new to gas chromatography and has been used extensively by the oil and gas industries, principally for GC-FID or flame ionisation detection applications for decades. This is the most commonly used method of gas chromatography detection and is ideal for analysing organic compounds in crude oil production and natural gas processing, which can contain huge numbers of components, many at very low concentrations. This kind of gas analysis is a critical part of the manufacture of any gas or petrochemical product and is carried out at every stage of the production process. 
As the world’s population grows and industrialisation becomes increasingly predominant, the demand for energy is escalating. At the same time, climate change, attributed to the greenhouse effect, imposes demands for cleaner and alternative energy sources combined with enhanced thermal management. 
Oil-water separation is an important step in oil processing – both for removing water from the produced crude and from desalinisers in refineries. Often electrostatic fields are used to enhance separation efficiency, and a new generation of equipment – compact electrocoalescers have been introduced. 
Offshore platform real estate is a prime commodity – and it is not cheap. Each pound of equipment requires up to 10 pounds of structure below the water line for proper floatation. A square foot of real estate can cost tens of thousands of dollars. Such high premiums mean any solution minimising space usage offers the potential to add to the 
Construction of the Nord Stream offshore pipeline across the Baltic Sea – one of the most important European infrastructure projects in recent times – will start in 2009. It will comprise two lines, each totalling 1210km in length, with a combined capacity of 55bcm a year. 
Scientists from China and their US counterparts met to advance the science needed to use coal cleanly and more economically. 
Butting has recently won an order for producing and delivering metallurgically bonded pipes and semi-finished products for the Pine Bend Refinery of the US company Flint Hills Resources.
Volvo Pena’s has introduced the D12 Electronic Engine for Zone 2 Operation. 
The gas import floating terminal (GIFT) concept is an offshore floating LNG storage terminal moored to the seabed by means of a turret system that allows the terminal to weather-vane freely with the prevailing weather conditions
After many years in services well structures may become unstable due to corrosion of the conductor, surface and production casings. Many of these areas are unseen and corrosion can go unnoticed. To prevent potential structural failures, which in many cases can lead to disastrous consequences, casings need to be strengthened and protected from further corrosion. Densit provides complete solutions for reinstatement of the well integrity using UHPC (Ultra High Performance Cementitious) material.
Now with Bluetooth wireless communications, the Elcometer 4563 Standard & Top versions have full menu-driven operation and graphics display, in 25 languages, with the capability to measure on ferrous or non-ferrous metal substrates using a wide range of probe options. The dual FNF probe option allows dual operation with automatic substrate determination and display.
Technical requirements for petrochemical reactor steels have proliferated in the past decade. The need to increase economic benefits together with higher operating temperatures and pressures are leading to the construction of higher capacity reactors with thicker walls. Also, more severe requirements in these steel specifications leave the steelmaker little scope to find a good balance between all the influencing parameters, in order to achieve the best possible steel design.
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